Dieser dritte Blog meiner Lernreise zu Systemischen Strukturaufstellungen nach SySt hat mir vor allem die Erkenntnis gebracht: Strukturaufstellungen kommen ohne Information über die Situation (oder gar die Vorgeschichte) der KlientIn aus!
Als wesentlicher Unterschied zu anderen Gruppensimulationen (Moreno/Satir/..) wird immer wieder die „repräsentierende Wahrnehmung“ genannt. Warum das wesentlich ist? was ist das eigentlich? Ich versuche das mal wiederzugeben. Am Schluss dürft ihr kommentieren, ob es klar geworden ist ;).
Der Urprung der SySt Gruppensimulationsverfahren liegt in zwei Formaten: Das „Psychodrama“ und die „Soziometrie“ nach Jacob Levy Moreno (1889 – 1974, Österreich / USA). Soziometrie kann man einfach an einem Beispiel beschreiben: Anstatt jedes Gruppenmitglied nach seinem Alter zu fragen, kann man ein Bild erstellen lassen. Dazu bittet man die Teilnehmer sich nach Alter sortiert aufzustellen. Der Vorteil liegt in der bildlichen Darstellung von Zusammenhängen/Verhältnissen/Beziehungen zwischen den Teilnehmern. In einem Psychodrama wird das Thema einer KlientIn in einer Gruppe gespielt. Hier steht das Handeln des Hauptdarstellers (der KlientIn) und die Reaktionen der übrigen Teilnehmer im Vordergrund und soll dabei Kreativität für mögliches Verhalten anregen.
Ein Schlüssel für beide Verfahren ist die „Externalisierung“. Sie bedeutet, dass die KlientIn ihre Situation in einem Bild (Soziometrie), bzw. Rollenspiel (Psychodrama) von außen betrachten kann.
Virginia Satir (1916-1988, USA) – Insa Sparrer und Matthias Varga von Kibed lernten bei Ihr. Sie erstellte für ein Psychodrama sogar sowas wie ein Drehbuch. Eingesetzt in der Familientherapie war hierfür die volle Information über die Familiengeschichte notwendig. Satir arbeitete insbesondere auf Versöhnung hin und nutzte dazu oft die Methode des Reframing. Rollenspieler wurden von Satir nicht nur angeordnet, sondern auch in Gestik, Lage, Körperhaltung usw. von der KlientIn zu einer Art „Skulptur“ gestaltet, welche dann Ausgangspunkt der Arbeit bildete.
SySt Aufstellungen arbeiten ohne Rollenspiel und es wird nur die Anordnung der Repräsentanten im Raum zueinander vorgegeben. Auch ist ein wesentlicher Unterschied, dass für eine Systemische Strukturaufstellung nach SySt KEINE Information über die Situation oder die Vorgeschichte des Klienten notwendig ist. Die Repräsentanten müssen nicht einmal wissen, was sie repräsentieren. Aufgestellt wird einzig die IST-Situation.
SySt arbeitet an den Beziehungen zwischen den aufgestellten Elementen. Die Beziehung wird ausschließlich durch die Positionierung der Repräsentanten zum Ausdruck gebracht und ruft entsprechende Reaktionen der Repräsentanten hervor. Diese Reaktionen allein helfen der KlientIn Gedanken zu entwickeln, die in ihrer Situation zu einer Verbesserung führen können.
Repräsentierende Wahrnehmung bedeutet also, dass Repräsentanten lediglich eine Wahrnehmung aus ihrer Positionierung in der Gruppe entwickeln. Die Repräsentanten beschäftigen sich nicht mit der eigentlichen Situation der KlientIn – denn sie kennen sie zumeist garnicht. Einzig die KlientIn überträgt die Reaktionen der Repräsentanten auf ihre Situation.
Kommentar zum Gelernten:
Ich fühle mich bei SySt goldrichtig – denn ich sehe in dem Fokus auf die Ist-Situation und daraus hervorgehende Ansätze zur Verbesserung eine wesentliche Zutat zur Lösungsfokussierung. Ich habe selber zu häufig erlebt, dass ich in Gesprächen über Probleme wieder und wieder meine Geschichte erzähle – wobei diese jedes mal vollständiger abgerundet wurde. Einer Verbesserung kam ich aber nicht näher, vielleicht sogar im Gegenteil. Für meine Gesprächspartner wurde es immer leichter mich zu verstehen, samt meiner vertrackten Lage. Lösungsansätze entstanden dabei selten.
Alles klar? Nein? Dann schreib mir einen Kommentar – ich würde mich sehr freuen, meine frischen Lern-zugewinne gemeinsam zu vertiefen.
PS: Für die ganze Serie der Blogs zu meiner SySt Lernreise habe ich jetzt eine Kategorie angelegt 😉
Bis bald – Euer Bene
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